5G mmWave: what it is, how it works and what it does
5G network technology operating in millimeter wave frequencies, specifically bands n258, n260, and n261, offering high capacity but limited range.
Definition and Principles
5G mmWave refers to the implementation of 5G New Radio (NR) technology in the millimeter wave spectrum. Unlike sub-6 GHz bands, these frequencies operate above 24 GHz, allowing for extremely wide bandwidths that facilitate very high data rates.
Architecture and Frequency Bands
The 5G network architecture is divided into three main band categories. According to technical specifications, the specific bands assigned to 5G NR mmWave are:
- n258
- n260
- n261
These bands are distinct from FDD-5G NR bands (such as n1, n3, n7, etc.) and TDD-5G NR bands (such as n77, n78, n79), which operate at lower frequencies and offer better penetration and coverage.
Applications and Scope
The presence of mmWave support in a device or network indicates the ability to leverage high-capacity links for applications requiring large data volumes over short distances. It is common in dense urban environments or for network backhaul.
Limitations
Millimeter waves have limited propagation capabilities. They suffer significant attenuation when passing through physical obstacles such as walls, windows, or even rain, restricting their geographic range compared to lower frequency bands.
Interpretation in Products
If a product or technical specification lists bands n258, n260, or n261, the device is compatible with 5G mmWave. However, the actual availability of this technology depends on the local carrier's infrastructure, as not all 5G networks deploy these high-frequency bands.